Detangling experiential, cognitive, and sociopsychological individual differences in second language speech learning: Cross-sectional and longitudinal investigations

Abstract In this two-part study, we conducted both cross-sectional and longitudinal investigations on the relative weights of experiential, cognitive, sociopsychological factors in adult L2 speech learning. phase (Study 1), was elicited from 73 Japanese speakers English via a picture description task, rated for accentedness comprehensibility. These scores were linked to range tests designed measure aptitude, motivation, anxiety. The results showed that comprehensibility exclusively experiential variables (e.g., amount use outside classrooms), while phonemic coding ability 2), tracked same participants' development when they received four weeks explicit pronunciation instruction. According pre- post-tests, participants significantly improved their regardless cognitive differences.